Section 4 in THE BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023 – BSA

Closely connected facts

Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction.

4. Facts which, though not in issue, are so connected with a fact in issue or a
   relevant fact as to form part of the same transaction, are relevant, whether they occurred at
   the same time and place or at different times and places.
   Illustrations.
   (a) A is accused of the murder of B by beating him. Whatever was said or done by A
   or B or the bystanders at the beating, or so shortly before or after it as to form part of the
   transaction, is a relevant fact.
   (b) A is accused of waging war against the Government of India by taking part in an
   armed insurrection in which property is destroyed, troops are attacked and jails are broken
   open. The occurrence of these facts is relevant, as forming part of the general transaction,
   though A may not have been present at all of them.
   (c) A sues B for a libel contained in a letter forming part of a correspondence. Letters
   between the parties relating to the subject out of which the libel arose, and forming part of
   the correspondence in which it is contained, are relevant facts, though they do not contain
   the libel itself.
   (d) The question is, whether certain goods ordered from B were delivered to A. The
   goods were delivered to several intermediate persons successively. Each delivery is a
   relevant fact.